Direct-Indirect speach

• Explanation of direct and indirect         speech with details

Q. What is direct speech?

 Direct speech is when you directly quote someone's words within a sentence, typically using quotation marks to indicate the spoken words. 

For Example: 

Sarah said, "I'm going to the store."

Here, "I'm going to the store" is the direct speech, and it's enclosed within quotation marks to show that it's exactly what Sarah said.

Direct speech adds authenticity and immediacy to writing, allowing readers to hear the exact words spoken by the character. It's commonly used in storytelling, dialogue, interviews, and reporting to convey the speaker's message accurately.

Q. What is Indirect speech?

Indirect speech, also known as reported speech, is when you convey someone else's words without quoting them directly. Instead of using quotation marks, you paraphrase what was said, often changing the tense and pronouns to fit the context. 

For example:

Direct speech: Sarah said, "I'm going to the store."

Indirect speech: Sarah said that she was going to the store.

In indirect speech, the verb tense often changes to reflect the shift from present to past or from past to past perfect, depending on the original context. Pronouns may also change to reflect the perspective of the speaker reporting the speech. 

Indirect speech is commonly used in writing to summarize or report what someone else has said without quoting them verbatim. It's useful for maintaining the flow of narrative or dialogue and can help avoid repetitive use of quotation marks. 

   Here's a detailed explanation of how to convert a direct speech (DS) into indirect speech (IS) with examples:

Direct Speech: "I love reading books," she said.

Indirect Speech: She said that she loved reading books.

Here are the steps to convert DS into IS:

• Identify the Reporting Verb: The verb that introduces the direct speech is called the reporting verb. In this case, "said" is the reporting verb.

• Identify the Reporting Clause: The clause containing the reporting verb is the reporting clause. In this example, "she said" is the reporting clause.

• Make Necessary Changes in Pronouns and Verb Tenses:

Pronouns: Change the pronouns to match the subject of the reporting clause. In the example, "I" changes to "she."

Verb Tenses: Change the tense of the verb in the reported speech according to the tense of the reporting verb. In this case, "love" changes to "loved" because the reporting verb is in the past tense.

Remove Quotation Marks and Comma: In indirect speech, we don't use quotation marks or a comma before the reported speech.

Let's take another example:

Direct speech : "I will visit my grandmother tomorrow," he said.

Indirect speech : He said that he would visit his grandmother the next day.

In this example, "will" changes to "would" because the reporting verb is in the past tense, and "tomorrow" changes to "the next day" to maintain the temporal reference.

Remember, these are the basic rules, and there can be additional changes depending on the context and tense sequences.